Travertine terrace formations at Pamukkale. Pamukkale, meaning 'cotton castle' in, is a natural site in in southwestern.

The area is famous for a carbonate mineral left by the flowing water. It is located in Turkey's Inner region, in the valley, which has a temperate climate for most of the year.

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The ancient Greco-Roman city of was built on top of the white 'castle' which is in total about 2,700 metres (8,860 ft) long, 600 m (1,970 ft) wide and 160 m (525 ft) high. It can be seen from the hills on the opposite side of the valley in the town of, 20 km away. Known as Pamukkale (Cotton Castle) or ancient Hierapolis (Holy City), this area has been drawing the weary to its thermal springs since the time of. The Turkish name refers to the surface of the shimmering, snow-white limestone, shaped over millennia by calcium-rich springs.

Dripping slowly down the vast mountainside, mineral-rich waters foam and collect in terraces, spilling over cascades of stalactites into milky pools below. Legend has it that the formations are solidified cotton (the area’s principal crop) that giants left out to dry.

[ ] Tourism is and has been a major industry in the area for thousands of years, due to the attraction of the thermal pools. As recently as the mid-20th century, hotels were built over the ruins of Hierapolis, causing considerable damage. [ ] An approach road was built from the valley over the terraces, and motor bikes were allowed to go up and down the slopes.

When the area was declared a, the hotels were demolished and the road removed and replaced with artificial pools. [ ] Overshadowed by natural wonder, Pamukkale’s well-preserved Roman ruins and museum have been remarkably underestimated and unadvertised; tourist brochures over the past 20 years have mainly featured photos of people bathing in the calcium pools. Aside from a small footpath running up the mountain face, the terraces are all currently off-limits, having suffered erosion and at the feet of tourists.

This section does not any. Unsourced material may be challenged. ( June 2017) () Pamukkale's terraces are made of, a sedimentary rock deposited by water from the hot springs. In this area, there are 17 hot water springs in which the temperature ranges from 35 °C (95 °F) to 100 °C (212 °F). The water that emerges from the spring is transported 320 metres (1,050 ft) to the head of the travertine terraces and deposits calcium carbonate on a section 60 to 70 metres (200 to 230 ft) long covering an expanse of 24 metres (79 ft) to 30 metres (98 ft).

When the water, supersaturated with, reaches the surface, de-gasses from it, and calcium carbonate is deposited. Calcium carbonate is deposited by the water as a soft which eventually crystallizes into travertine. Short video showing the Pamukkale natural site Problems playing this file?

Pamukkale is a attraction. It is recognized as a together with. Hierapolis-Pamukkale was made a in 1988. The underground volcanic activity which causes the hot springs also forced into a cave, which was called the, which here means 'place of the god '.